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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

AW. MARAUN.

SIPHON INTERMITTBNT DEVICE. v

Patented Mar, 31, 1891.

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A. W, MARAUN. ,SIPHON INTERMITTENT DEVICE.

No. 449,267. Patented Mar. 31, 1891.

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(No Model.)

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SIPHON INTERMITTBNT DEVICE. v

No. 449,267. Patented Mar. 31,1891.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

ALBERT \VILHELM MARAUN, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

SIPHON INTERMITTENT DEVICE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 449,267, dated March 31, 1891.

Application filed October 31, 1889. Renewed February 24, 1891. Serial No. 382,341. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatl, ALBERT WILHELM MA- RAUN, a subject of the King of Prussia, German Empire, residing at the cityof Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Siphon Intermittent Devices, of which the following is aspecification.

Lt. The devices that are generally used for draining purposes have certain disadvantages. The disadvantages generally complained of are that either they work imperfectly or they are of a complicated and easilydamaged construction or use too much water. The too great consumption of water increases the cost of operating, as it is always necessary to use water for the purpose of conveyance. The complicated constructions of draining apparatus have the disadvantage that the moving parts often fail to work properly, and consequently must be subjected to a constant supervision, while the simple draining apparatuses only work a comparatively short time on account of accumulation of air in the bends of these pipes. These disadvantages to which said draining apparatuses are liable often prevent their being used, and the cleaning of the draining work must be done by men. It is not always and at all parts that the cleaning can be done by men, though the permanent cleaning of the waterpipes is one of the main requirements, if the draining work shall fulfill its objects according to all sanitary demands and expensive and tedious repairs be avoided.

The draining apparatus according to this invention obviates many difficulties heretofore experienced. It is adraining apparatus comprising a special dischargingpipe that causes said apparatus to force up the water continually.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of so much of a drainage apparatus comprising a siphon-intermittent device as is necessary to an understanding of my invention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a vertical section of the same. Figs. 3 to 8 are similar diagrams illustrating the mode of operation of the device. Fig. 9 is an elevation showing the application of a series of the devices. Fig. 10 is a diagram indicating a sectional "iew of a modified form of the device.

At- A is indicated the reservoir which receives the inflowing water. masonry, iron, or wood and adapted to contain any desired quantity of water. The

draining-pipe is made of cast-iron, and consists of two parts, the special curved main It is made of pipe (L, b, c, d, e, and f and the auxiliary pipe g, 2, and k. The diameter of the main pipe may be of any size, and that of the auxiliary pipe will be a good deal smaller than the, diameter of said main pipe. The auxiliary pipe is placed so far down that its opening g, Fig. 2, into the main pipe lies a littlebelow the center of the bends (l and e of the main pipe.

The regulator of the air-pressure is a curved metal tube I m 0, which is attached 'firmly to and connects with the main lifting-pipe at p and 0. The portion of the regulating-pipe at p lies advantageously from ten to twenty centimeters above the opening a, and upon it rests the ascending branchl m,which is made purposely a little larger than the descending branch or 0.

The draining apparatus works as follows: In order to set in operation the draining-pipe when the reservoir is withoutwater, the branch pipes a (Z c and g I; 7.: are filled with water. The water. flowing into the reservoir A rises proportionately in it and in the branch pipe a 1) until the point p is reached, whereby the air contained in the branch at b, that is forced out, escapes through the regulator Z or 0.-

branch pipe a b to lie below that in the res- 5 ervoir A. In-order that there may be an equilibrium of pressure, the heights h h h,

Fig. 4:, of the columns of water must be the same. By continued inflow of water the difference of height h h 72." becomes greater I00 and greater until finally that state of the wa ter has been reached which is shown in Fig.

5-namely, that the air escapes through the auxiliarypipeg-k, around its bend Z, and at the same time a portion of the column of water in the branch 1' 7:; is forced out. This causes a sudden decrease of pressure of air in the pipe, and the difference of level h 71/ h must accordingly be less. The column of water in the branch pipe 0 (Z c consequently flows back toward 0, while the oolumnaof water in the ascending branch a b is forced upward by the water in the reservoir A. The air is forced out on .account of the sudden forcing upward and backward ofthe columns of water with great forc'e at the much smaller auxiliary branch pipe 1' 7c, and the water contained in the latter is also forced out, sothat there is now a perfect balance between the airinth'emain :pipe-and theout-er atmosphere. Therefore, according to the principle of the communicating tubes, the col-umnof water :in the ascend in g barrel-pipe a b strives .to :reach the levelof the column of water in :the reservoir, but is prevented on .accountof the-curving-of the pipe, and :must consequently flow over :into the descending branch pipe b d, which is completelyfi-lled. Onaccount of the outletof the .pipeclyi ng lower than the surface of the wateri-n the reservoir, a suction force is produced in the .pipe, which lasts till the air rushes into the main pipe through its mouth a by reason of the emptying of the reservoir. The water that still remai-nsin the pipe flows :out,excepting-that the branch pipe 0 d e, .as well aswthe auxiliary pipe g 570, will contain water, asshown .in Fig. 3. The-point gliesargood dealbelow the bend c,.:and the water from the larger pi pc 0 (Z e-flows into the smaller branch g i k, so that the surface of the remaining water in c cZ c continues to stand-on a level with the line I k.

In order that the above-described operation may be continued without intermission, the :airsregulator Z m-o is necessary. If said air-regulator were not attached and a 'stron g inflow of watersho uld takeplace, then in :most

cai es the openin g a of the pipe would remain open only a short time for the air to pass .in,

and then the pipe would be again closed, when the column of water in the branch pipe I) (Z would sink. Then a vacuum would be produced inthem-ainpipe, which would have the effect that the-column of water falling in the branch pipe I) 0 rl (see Fig. 6) could not flow out entirely, sothatthe surface of the column of water in the pipe would-standhigher thanthat in'th'e reservoir in the branch pipe (Z c .andin branch-i -70. The inflowing water will, on account of this, reachthe point bin thepipe, (see Fig. 7,) though it stands much lower in the reservoir, and must from this moment flow out at b in the same quantity that it flows in, and no suction force is produced in the pipe and the drainage does not-work any more. Thesedisadvantages are removed by the air-regulator in the following manner: As soon as themain pipe commences to suck, the-outflowing colu run of water issues above the mouth 0 of the regulator-pipe, .Fig. S, on account of thegreat pressure, and fills completely to 'a certain height the branch 0 m of the air-regulator pipe and compresses a little in the beginning I account of the defioiencyof the flow at the.

bend c, which causes the mouth rot the main pipe alittle while after to be uncovered atf The vacuum *inith e'regula'tor is thussuddenly removed-and the column Of water in branch -Z m sinks immediately and places .itselfion :a

level with the surface of water in the mesa!- voir. Then the air rushes intoithe mainapi'pe through the opening :just madeeatp-by means of the regulator-pipe '0 m Z, and a balancing with .theouter :air is thereby produced. The above operation is repeated again.

A draining apparatus like the above idescri bed, witha main -:pipe twenty -centi meters i-ndiameter, forces one-thousand liters of water in ten seconds. It mayiprove ot importance to throw :this quantity of 'water in-iconsiderable less time into a icanal. For such purposeseveralzdraining apparatnsesnrecom nected together, as in Fig. 9,, and theaxrm am 0 of the regulator-pipe is made four tofrve centimeters shorter than branch Us.

The :method-of working is as :follows: The reservoir A is filled. and the waterforced into the auxiliary pipe .crbctill b v is forced fonward, and by any further infiowathe -water fillsrfrum this one by-meansof the connecting-:pipesriinto the reservoirA" and forces forward theawater in the auxiliary pipesed cand f g. h. Then the reservoirA issimilarlyfilled and the wateras forced out through ]t' z'andZ .m, asdescribied above. As soonastheairthathas beenforced forward has reached the point '2' it has also reached the deepestpoint m in branchZ m-and must escape through branchmio. :Nowtheprescribed method of working takesplacein'pipe Z Z. The column of waterin branch 'h iiforces it-selfbacktoward7o,wherebyasuddenpanticnlarshortening of the column of waterin'branch g h is produced, sothat it cannot-ofiersnfticient resistance to the pressure existing'inpipel-il, and 'conseq uently the air'resca pes by bend g, and again apart of the column of water .in, branch 9 h isforced out.

Thenthe columnof.

IIO

opening 6, and the air consequently escapes by bend b. This'op'eration is repeatednccording to thenumbers of transverse pipes,

so that the-air escapes throngh'theauxiliary pipes m, g, and Z, and in thezpipesZZil lllyand Z the necessary suction force has been produced.

A draining apparatus constructed according to the above-described description, with five pipes of twenty centimeters diameter at their outlet ends, forces out one thousand liters of water within two seconds.

The method of working the pipe in operation, as described in the above draining apparatus, is an entirely new and especial one, as an air-pressure is effected in said pipe, which air-pressure, on account of a suddenlyproduced balancing with the air that surrounds the pipe, causes the water to flow with a sudden great force, and not alone fills up the the pipe, but the drainage-water flows out with a considerably greater force than the pressure of water in the reservoir would have done. The consequence of this special operation of the pipe is a very strong outflow of water, so that no deposit of sand or other substances will take place inthe pipes, as a limited quantity of water will force out said deposits.

In order to use said new draining apparatus, it is not necessary that it shall be constructed exactly like that in Figs. 1 to 8, but it can be changed into any suitable form; but it must retain the special features of the inventionnamely, the creation of an air-pressure and the sudden balancing of the same.

The drainage apparatus can, for instance, be constructed like that in Fig. 10. In this figure the same marking-letters are used as in Figs. 1 to 9 for the purpose of'showing how its respective parts work, so that the above descriptions can be used for this construction.

I claim 1. A drainage apparatus comprising the special features, to wit: a pipe a b 0 cl e, the inlet-arm at b of which is connected to the outlet-arm cle by means of a regulating-pipe, and to the main arm of which is attached a water-closing pipe is 2' g in such a Way that when the water rises in the inlet-arm the air in the pipe is compressed and causes a certainpressure, which forces out the water through the water-closing pipe, andthen a balancing of air takes place, which consequently forces the dammed Water in the reservoir A into the pipe and is the means of setting the siphon in operation.

2. The combination, with the reservoir, of

a pipe bent as at 1), cl, and 6, having the aux- 

